Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for symptomatic hepatic cysts: technique and three-year outcomes

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1687375

Figure Lengend Snippet: The single-pass single-needle puncturing technique of CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for a 67-year-old male patient with solitary hepatic cyst. A 10-cm 21-gage Chiba needle was inserted into the cyst in the left liver lobe under CT guidance (A) . After the first 10 mL of aspirated cyst fluid was sent to the laboratory for examination, 10 mL of diluted contrast media was injected into the cyst to confirm that there was no communication between the cyst and the biliary system (B) . The cyst fluid was then evacuated almost completely (C) . The repeat CT scan showed no leakage after injection of the half-dose Bleomycin solution contained diluted contrast media (D) . The postprocedure CT scan showed that bleomycin solution was stayed in the cyst cavity (E) .

Article Snippet: Subsequently, bleomycin hydrochloride (Takasaki Plant, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was dissolved in diluted contrast medium (1:1 mixture by volume of contrast medium and normal saline solution) at a total dose of 5 mg bleomycin per 100 mL cyst fluid, not to exceed 0.6–0.8 mg/kg body weight per patient.

Techniques: Injection, Computed Tomography

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for symptomatic hepatic cysts: technique and three-year outcomes

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1687375

Figure Lengend Snippet: The single-point multi-angulated puncturing technique of CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for three cysts in a 70-year-old female patient with polycystic liver disease. A 15-cm 21-gage Chiba needle was inserted toward the ventral orientation from the right midaxillary line, and went through the cyst located in the lateral section of liver segment V and entered into the cyst located in the medial section of liver segment V (A) . The cyst located in the medial section of liver segment V was evacuated completely (B) , and bleomycin solution contained diluted contrast media was injected into the cyst cavity without evidence of leakage (C) . The needle was then withdrawn into the cyst located in the lateral section of liver segment V, the procedure of aspiration and sclerotherapy was repeated (D) . Next, the needle was drawn back to the subcutaneous layer, and than was inserted toward the dorsal orientation from the right midaxillary line and entered into the cyst located in liver segment VI; the procedure of aspiration and sclerotherapy was performed (E) . The postprocedure CT scan revealed that bleomycin solution remained behind in three cysts without evidence of spillage (F) .

Article Snippet: Subsequently, bleomycin hydrochloride (Takasaki Plant, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was dissolved in diluted contrast medium (1:1 mixture by volume of contrast medium and normal saline solution) at a total dose of 5 mg bleomycin per 100 mL cyst fluid, not to exceed 0.6–0.8 mg/kg body weight per patient.

Techniques: Injection, Computed Tomography

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for symptomatic hepatic cysts: technique and three-year outcomes

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1687375

Figure Lengend Snippet: The operation procedure of CT-guided percutaneous catheter aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for a 64-year-old female patient with a giant liver cyst in polycystic liver disease. After inserting percutaneously a 8.5-Fr drainage catheter into the acyst cavity using the Seldinger technique, the position of the tip of central venous catheter (arrowhead) was confirmed by the control CT scan (A) . A recheck CT scan on the next day showed complete evacuation of the cyst (B) . After injection of bleomycin solution and removal of pigtail catheter, postprocedure CT scan showed nonoccurrence of sclerosant extravasation (C) .

Article Snippet: Subsequently, bleomycin hydrochloride (Takasaki Plant, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was dissolved in diluted contrast medium (1:1 mixture by volume of contrast medium and normal saline solution) at a total dose of 5 mg bleomycin per 100 mL cyst fluid, not to exceed 0.6–0.8 mg/kg body weight per patient.

Techniques: Control, Computed Tomography, Injection

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for symptomatic hepatic cysts: technique and three-year outcomes

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1687375

Figure Lengend Snippet: A typical example of the imaging-based treatment response after CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy in a 69-year-old man with a simple left renal cyst. Preprocedural CT scan shows an initial cyst volume of 554.4 mL (12.6 cm × 8.8 cm × 10.0 cm in size) (A) . At 6-month follow-up, CT shows a cyst volume of 34.3 mL (4.9 cm × 3.5 cm × 4.0 cm in size) and the volume reduction rate (VRR) of 93.8% (B) . At 12-month follow-up, CT shows a cyst volume of 1.7 mL (20.0 mm × 13.3 mm × 13.0 mm in size) and the volume reduction rate (VRR) of 99.7% (C) . At 24-month follow-up, US shows a cyst volume of 1.2 mL (15.6 mm × 12.4 mm × 13.0 mm in size) and the volume reduction rate (VRR) of 99.8% (D) . At 36-month follow-up, US shows a cyst volume of 0.7 mL (12.6 mm × 9.8 mm × 12.0 mm in size) and the volume reduction rate (VRR) of 99.9% (E) .

Article Snippet: Subsequently, bleomycin hydrochloride (Takasaki Plant, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was dissolved in diluted contrast medium (1:1 mixture by volume of contrast medium and normal saline solution) at a total dose of 5 mg bleomycin per 100 mL cyst fluid, not to exceed 0.6–0.8 mg/kg body weight per patient.

Techniques: Imaging, Computed Tomography