Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Comparison of the Results of Modeling Pulmonary Fibrosis in Sprague Dawley Rats by Intratracheal Administration of Bleomycin in the Form of Sulfate and Chloride at a Dose of 3 mg/kg

doi: 10.3390/ph17101360

Figure Lengend Snippet: A selection of publications on modeling PF in rats and mice, in which there is an indication of the BLM manufacturer and/or the ability to determine which particular form of BLM was used (source PubMed search engine).

Article Snippet: In the work of Chu et al., 2019, unilateral pulmonary fibrosis of the left lung was modeled in rats by administering BLM hydrochloride from Nippon Kayaku, Japan, at a dose of 8 mg/kg, followed by observation for 49 days.

Techniques: Selection

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease is alleviated by tripterine through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt, apoptosis, and TNF-α signalling pathways

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990760

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in the body weight and lung pathology after tripterine treatment. (A) Changes in the body weight of the mice at different time points. (B) The endpoint weight of the mice in each group. (C) Ashcroft scores in a different group. (D) Haematoxylin-Eosin and Masson staining results of lung sections in a different group. Scale bars: 50 μm. Data are reported in the figures as the mean ± standard deviation, n = 6 in each group. ### p < 0.001 vs the normal group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. the BLM-treated group. BLM, bleomycin (5 mg/kg); Trip, tripterine.

Article Snippet: The following were the reagents and instruments used in this study: tripterine (Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China); bleomycin (BLM) hydrochloride (Novartis Pharma AG, BASEL, Switzerland); anti-collagens I and III, anti-vimentin, and anti-α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) (Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd, China); anti-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), anti-phospho-PI3K, anti-protein kinase B (Akt), and anti-phospho-Akt (Abmart, Shanghai, China) antibodies; anti-β-actin (Proteintech Group Inc., China); mouse tumour necrosis factor-α kit and mouse hydroxyproline kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China); terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China).

Techniques: Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease is alleviated by tripterine through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt, apoptosis, and TNF-α signalling pathways

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990760

Figure Lengend Snippet: Deposition of collagen I and III and micro-computed tomography (CT) findings in mouse lungs. (A) Collagen I and III depositions in the lung tissues of mice after tripterine treatment. (B) Micro-CT findings of the lungs in mice treated with tripterine. Scale bars: 50 μm. Results are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. ### p < 0.001 vs the normal group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. the BLM-treated group. BLM, bleomycin (5 mg/kg); Trip, tripterine.

Article Snippet: The following were the reagents and instruments used in this study: tripterine (Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China); bleomycin (BLM) hydrochloride (Novartis Pharma AG, BASEL, Switzerland); anti-collagens I and III, anti-vimentin, and anti-α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) (Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd, China); anti-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), anti-phospho-PI3K, anti-protein kinase B (Akt), and anti-phospho-Akt (Abmart, Shanghai, China) antibodies; anti-β-actin (Proteintech Group Inc., China); mouse tumour necrosis factor-α kit and mouse hydroxyproline kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China); terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China).

Techniques: Micro-CT

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease is alleviated by tripterine through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt, apoptosis, and TNF-α signalling pathways

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990760

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of tripterine on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation markers of lung tissue in the connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) model mice. (A) α -smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin of lung tissues were analysed by Western blotting. (B) Expression changes in α -SMA and vimentin in the lung tissues of the mice were analysed by densitometry. (C) The hydroxyproline content in the lung tissues of the mice was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (D) Immunohistochemistry analysis of α -SMA and vimentin expression levels in the lung tissues of mice treated with tripterine. Scale bars: 50 μm. Data reported in the figures are presented as the mean ± standard deviation, n = 6 in each group. ### p < 0.001 vs. the normal group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. the BLM-treated group. BLM, bleomycin (5 mg/kg); Trip, tripterine.

Article Snippet: The following were the reagents and instruments used in this study: tripterine (Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China); bleomycin (BLM) hydrochloride (Novartis Pharma AG, BASEL, Switzerland); anti-collagens I and III, anti-vimentin, and anti-α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) (Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd, China); anti-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), anti-phospho-PI3K, anti-protein kinase B (Akt), and anti-phospho-Akt (Abmart, Shanghai, China) antibodies; anti-β-actin (Proteintech Group Inc., China); mouse tumour necrosis factor-α kit and mouse hydroxyproline kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China); terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China).

Techniques: Transformation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease is alleviated by tripterine through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt, apoptosis, and TNF-α signalling pathways

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990760

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of tripterine on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression levels. (A) PI3K/Akt-related protein expression in lung tissues was detected by Western blotting. (B) Densitometry analysis of PI3K/Akt protein expression. Scale bars: 50 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD), n = 3. (C) TNF-α expression in the lung homogenate and serum of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SD, n = 6. ### p < 0.001 vs. the normal group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. the BLM-treated group. BLM, bleomycin (5 mg/kg); Trip, tripterine.

Article Snippet: The following were the reagents and instruments used in this study: tripterine (Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China); bleomycin (BLM) hydrochloride (Novartis Pharma AG, BASEL, Switzerland); anti-collagens I and III, anti-vimentin, and anti-α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) (Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd, China); anti-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), anti-phospho-PI3K, anti-protein kinase B (Akt), and anti-phospho-Akt (Abmart, Shanghai, China) antibodies; anti-β-actin (Proteintech Group Inc., China); mouse tumour necrosis factor-α kit and mouse hydroxyproline kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China); terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease is alleviated by tripterine through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt, apoptosis, and TNF-α signalling pathways

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990760

Figure Lengend Snippet: The apoptosis level of the lung tissues was analysed by immunofluorescence. Normal: normal group; BLM, bleomycin (5 mg/kg); scale bars: 100 μm.

Article Snippet: The following were the reagents and instruments used in this study: tripterine (Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China); bleomycin (BLM) hydrochloride (Novartis Pharma AG, BASEL, Switzerland); anti-collagens I and III, anti-vimentin, and anti-α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) (Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd, China); anti-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), anti-phospho-PI3K, anti-protein kinase B (Akt), and anti-phospho-Akt (Abmart, Shanghai, China) antibodies; anti-β-actin (Proteintech Group Inc., China); mouse tumour necrosis factor-α kit and mouse hydroxyproline kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China); terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence